In all, our results emphasize the importance of secondary pollution effects (e.g. One of the stress proteins (HSP60), however, was more strongly induced in Pb exposed males and further studies are needed to explore if this was due to higher accumulation of Pb or higher sensitivity of males. In general, the responses of nestlings to metal exposure and/or associated resource limitation were not gender specific. These effects are likely related to decreased food quality/quantity for these insectivorous birds at the smelter site. Instead, birds in the metal polluted environment around the smelter showed decreased growth rates, lower HT, higher CORT, less colorful plumage and lower survival probabilities than any of the Pb treated groups.

The lack of blood ALAd inhibition suggests that the circulating Pb levels were generally below the toxic level despite that marked accumulation of Pb in femur (high: 27.8 mu g/g d.w.) was observed. Despite relatively high range of exposure levels we found only few effects on growth rates or physiology. Our Pb supplementation was successful in raising the fecal concentrations to the levels found in polluted environments (high: 8.0 mu g/g d.w.).

major population breeding in the vicinity of a heavy metal source, a copper smelter. Once a property is chosen, our Consultants stand by the assignee right up until they move in and even afterwards. The responses to three experimental manipulation (control, low and high: 0, 1 and 4 mu g/g body mass/day) are compared with those in a P. Relying on their insiders knowledge of the local rental market and a detailed understanding of the assigneeвЂ™s needs, a CORT Destination Services Consultant can save an assignee days of wrong turns and dead ends by providing a short cut to the right home. We manipulated dietary lead (Pb) levels of nestlings in wild populations of the great tit (Parus major L) to find out if environmentally relevant Pb levels would affect some physiological biomarkers (haematocrit, fecal corticosterone metabolites, heat shock proteins, erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity ), growth (body mass, wing length), phenotype (plumage coloration) or survival of nestlings.

Cort vicinity